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600c. AD 600–1000 · Ellora Caves

Ellora: the Kailasa temple and the caves of three faiths

The Kailasa temple at Ellora, carved down into the basalt hillside, seen from above
Photo: Shishirdasika. CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

At Ellora, Buddhist, Hindu and Jain communities cut 34 temples and monasteries side by side into a basalt escarpment over four centuries. The centrepiece, the Kailasa temple, was carved downwards out of the hillside in the 8th century under the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I, a whole temple with courtyards and towers made by removing rock rather than building. The site shows three religions sharing one sacred landscape.

Sites

  1. Site 1: Kailasa temple (Cave 16)A complete temple carved from one rock, with stone elephants and Ramayana friezes.Map ↗
  2. Site 2: Buddhist caves and the Vishvakarma chaitya (Cave 10)Prayer hall with a ribbed rock ceiling imitating timber, and three-storey monasteries.Map ↗
  3. Site 3: Jain caves (Caves 30–34)Finely carved Jain shrines at the north end of the escarpment.Map ↗

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