Bunsen and Kirchhoff found spectral analysis

Working in Heidelberg, the chemist Robert Bunsen and the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff showed that every element heated in a flame gives off its own pattern of spectral lines. With the method they found two new elements, caesium and rubidium, in mineral water from nearby Dürkheim, and read the chemistry of the Sun from its dark lines. Spectroscopy became a basic tool of chemistry and astronomy.