193322 March 1933–29 April 1945 · Dachau

Dachau concentration camp

The vast roll-call square at the Dachau memorial, with the former camp buildings on its far side — Photo: Netha Hussain. CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Opened weeks after Hitler took power, Dachau was the first regular Nazi concentration camp and the model for those that followed, and SS guards trained there before serving elsewhere. More than 200,000 prisoners from across Europe passed through it and its subcamps. The memorial has documented over 32,000 deaths, with thousands more unrecorded. US troops liberated the camp on 29 April 1945.