Denmark Vesey's planned rising in Charleston

Denmark Vesey, a carpenter who had bought his own freedom, helped found Charleston's African Methodist Episcopal church and, according to testimony taken at his trial, planned a rising of the enslaved for July 1822. Informers revealed the plot; 35 men, Vesey among them, were hanged, and the city razed the church. Rebuilt as Mother Emanuel, it lost nine worshippers to a racist gunman in 2015.