The Asia Minor refugees and the Greek–Turkish population exchange

After the Greek army's defeat in Anatolia and the burning of Smyrna in 1922, more than a million Orthodox Christians fled or were sent to Greece, and a convention signed at Lausanne in 1923 made the exchange compulsory, moving about 400,000 Muslims the other way. Refugees became about a fifth of Greece's population. They built new districts around Athens and Thessaloniki, many named after the towns they had lost.