1941October 1941–July 1944 · Majdanek, Lublin

Majdanek concentration and extermination camp

The Monument of Struggle and Martyrdom at the entrance to Majdanek, beside a camp watchtower — Photo: Adrian Tync. CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Built by the SS on the edge of Lublin in 1941, Majdanek held Jews, Poles, Soviet prisoners of war and others, and from 1942 also killed with gas. On 3 November 1943 the SS shot about 18,000 Jews there in one day. Around 78,000 people died in the camp. The Red Army found it largely intact in July 1944, and it became the first Nazi camp turned into a museum.